Mazmur 80:4-6

80:4 O Lord God, invincible warrior! ¹ 

How long will you remain angry at your people while they pray to you? ² 

80:5 You have given them tears as food; ³ 

you have made them drink tears by the measure. ⁴ 

80:6 You have made our neighbors dislike us, ⁵ 

and our enemies insult us.

Mazmur 80:12-16

80:12 Why did you break down its walls, ⁶ 

so that all who pass by pluck its fruit? ⁷ 

80:13 The wild boars of the forest ruin it; ⁸ 

the insects ⁹  of the field feed on it.

80:14 O God, invincible warrior, ¹⁰  come back!

Look down from heaven and take notice!

Take care of this vine,

80:15 the root ¹¹  your right hand planted,

the shoot you made to grow! ¹² 

80:16 It is burned ¹³  and cut down.

They die because you are displeased with them. ¹⁴ 

[80:4]  ¹ tn Heb “Lord, God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי (’elohey) before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot; “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. In this context the term “hosts” (meaning “armies”) has been rendered “invincible warrior.”

[80:4]  ² tn Heb “How long will you remain angry during the prayer of your people.” Some take the preposition -בְּ (bet) in an adversative sense here (“at/against the prayer of your people”), but the temporal sense is preferable. The psalmist expects persistent prayer to pacify God.

[80:5]  ³ tn Heb “you have fed them the food of tears.”

[80:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “[by] the third part [of a measure].” The Hebrew term שָׁלִישׁ (shalish, “third part [of a measure]”) occurs only here and in Isa 40:12.

[80:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “you have made us an object of contention to our neighbors.”

[80:12]  ⁶ sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).

[80:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “pluck it.”

[80:13]  ⁸ tn The Hebrew verb כִּרְסֵם (kirsem, “to eat away; to ruin”) occurs only here in the OT.

[80:13]  ⁹ tn The precise referent of the Hebrew word translated “insects,” which occurs only here and in Ps 50:11, is uncertain. Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian cognates refer to insects, such as locusts or crickets.

[80:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7 for a similar construction.

[80:15]  ¹¹ tn The Hebrew noun occurs only here in the OT. HALOT 483 s.v. III כֵּן emends the form to כַּנָּהּ (kannah, “its shoot”).

[80:15]  ¹² tn Heb “and upon a son you strengthened for yourself.” In this context, where the extended metaphor of the vine dominates, בֵּן (ben, “son”) probably refers to the shoots that grow from the vine. Cf. Gen 49:22.

[80:16]  ¹³ tn Heb “burned with fire.”

[80:16]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “because of the rebuke of your face they perish.”